Pumpkin seed meal, a byproduct of pumpkin seed oil extraction (with a protein content of over 60%), is a high-quality source of plant protein. Pumpkin seed protein contains 19 amino acids including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Its amino acid composition meets the standards set by FAO and WTO, and it is rich in glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, and leucine. The human absorption rate is 88% to 97%. The total amino acid content of pumpkin seeds is 527.1 mg/g, which is higher than that of soybeans (456.5 mg/g). The essential amino acid content is 180.7 mg/g, accounting for 34.3% of the amino acid mass. In addition, pumpkin seed protein has been found to have various physiological activities, not only can it lower blood sugar and resist oxidation, but also has the ability to induce apoptosis, differentiation, and inhibit proliferation of various types of tumor cells, and no allergenic components have been found. It is a high-quality alternative protein resource that urgently needs to be developed.