Echinacea is a traditional North American herb. Modern studies have shown that it has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It is often used to relieve cold symptoms and promote wound healing, but the effect varies from person to person and should be used with caution.

1. Main effects and functions
2. Immunomodulation

The active ingredients in Echinacea (such as alkaneamides and polysaccharides) can stimulate the activity of immune cells (such as T cells and macrophages) and enhance the body's defense against pathogens. Studies have shown that short-term use may shorten the course of colds, but the long-term effect is still inconclusive.

2. Relieve respiratory infections

Clinical data show that Echinacea may relieve symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold and influenza (such as nasal congestion and sore throat) and shorten the course of the disease by about 1-2 days, but some studies believe that the effect is not much different from placebo.

3. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

The polyphenols it contains can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and IL-6) and reduce inflammatory responses; at the same time, they scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage, which may help improve skin inflammation or chronic inflammatory diseases.

4. Other potential effects

Antiviral: In vitro experiments show that it has a certain inhibitory effect on herpes virus and influenza virus, but there is insufficient evidence in humans.

Promote wound repair: Topical use may accelerate the healing of skin wounds and reduce the risk of infection.